Quiet secular boy
The explosion in the subway of St. Petersburg has shaken not only Russia, but also residents of the Kyrgyz city of Osh, a native of which was the alleged bomber bomber, 22-year-old ethnic Uzbek About Jalilov. Quiet, peaceful and never a religion not addicted — so remember the young man relatives, neighbors, friends and teachers with whom I talked .
Nondescript one-story building, chipped tiles in the basement near the children play — up to 2009 Jalilov lived here Microline Turan, where still stands a lot of unfinished houses.
Neighbors claim: the family of Akbar — quiet and peaceful. In the house and now living with his family, the uncles with their wives. The gates are aunt Jalilova Curie and Erkinoy, women barely holding back the tears. Almost all the relatives in recent days visited the interrogation in the police and the state Committee for national security of Kyrgyzstan (SCNS).
Uncle Jalilova Hasanboy and doesn’t want to believe that the nephew is dead: “I Hope I will hear from my favorite nephew and say Hello to me… We’ll discuss life and career. I don’t believe he did it… They took advantage of his kindness and obedience”.
Relatives of the chorus they say that Akbar was not drawn to religion, at least when I lived in Osh. The imams and members of the surrounding mosques don’t remember him, he is not regularly performed namaz at home and did not go for Friday prayers.
A former classroom teacher Jalilov Fatima Kadyrzhanova, who taught him from the fifth to the eighth grade at school No. 26 named. Toktogul, not less distraught relatives.
Photo: Vladimir Dergachev /
“On Tuesday I watched the news tonight, and on Wednesday, the Director immediately called us. When we learned that St. Petersburg had exploded one of our former students, everyone was in shock. With the Director talked to the staff of the Tenth main Department of the MIA [the fight against terrorism, extremism and illegal migration] — says the teacher. But Akbar was a very secular one. A quiet boy, learning medium, sometimes was forced to skip classes to help their parents. Parents interested in the school and went to PTA meetings, but our complaints were only on two dictations and absenteeism. If there are bullies in school, it is definitely not he.”
In school I remember that About would cry if the teacher will raise his voice. He played football, physical education, computer science and Russian, with pleasure has taught poetry. “But in chemistry and physics he had two” — the teacher just doesn’t believe that her former ward was able to build a bomb.
“Pure” biography with “white spots”
None of the people interviewed could not recall any shenanigans of the deceased. Did not get young Jalilov and in sight of the Kyrgyz security forces.
“The guy from a happy family, nowhere on the account was not. The whole incident shocked the residents of Osh. In recent years he lived in Russia, and this is a mistake of the Russian security forces — the FSB and the police,” — the representative a press-services of the municipal Department of internal Affairs for the Osh Zamir Sadykov in the conversation for a moment loses his professional composure. But then he straightens and says that the local security forces are doing everything possible for the prevention of extremism.
Social portrait of a suicide bomber, who was exploding in Russia the terrorists
A source in the interior Ministry of Kyrgyzstan says about the same — local biography exploded in St. Petersburg Jalilova Jr., like his entire family, “clean”, “no flashes”. No one is on the preventive account and has no affiliation with radical religious currents.
Kyrgyz security forces conclude that dangerous liaisons could be dead in Russia, the relatives may not know. It is noteworthy that in recent years, in the biography Jalilova there are some mysterious gaps. “In Osh, he came in recent years for a while, and it is unlikely that contact here with some extremists. Rather, he came in contact with such people in Russia,” — says our interlocutor.
The Petersburg period of
Jalilov, like many young Uzbeks from Osh, did not finish high school and went to work after eighth grade. But in Osh, he stayed for a while.
In 2010 the President of Kyrgyzstan Kurmanbek Bakiyev was overthrown in Osh, clashes between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz (in the 243-strong city according to the census of 2009 there were 112 thousand Uzbeks, Kyrgyz — 100 thousand). Many representatives of the Uzbek minority of southern Kyrgyzstan, then turned to the Russian Consulate for citizenship and got a passport under the simplified scheme, said the honorary Consul of Kyrgyzstan in St. Petersburg Taalaibek Abdiev.
Was no exception and the family Jalilovich. First, citizenship was granted to the father About Akram, and then, in 2011, and the adolescent: a child under 16 years of age, one of whose parents is a citizen of Russia, Russian passport to easy. It so happened that About Jalilov at 16 years old became a Russian citizen, a passport of his native country and has not received.
Every day from Osh flies several direct flights to Moscow. Most of the young natives of Kyrgyzstan go to Russia to feed a family and save for marriage, said Takhir Sabirov, representative of the Osh public Fund “Smile”. Away from home migrants have hard, someone is in danger of falling under the influence of religious extremists, others become victims of labor slavery, said Sabirov.
In Russia more than 600 thousand labor migrants from the Republic, Chairman of the state migration service of the country Medetbek Aidaraliev in February 2017. They say, however, that actually Kyrgyz migrants a million. Mostly women and young men willing to earn. The average salary in the country in 2015 amounted to 13.3 million kgs (1 ruble ~ 1,22 soma), and residents of Osh oblast and in General earn an average of 8.7 million And work is not easy to find: unemployment in the 243-thousand city is 10%. Several local residents complained to the correspondent on problems with employment because of the high competition with immigrants from the countryside.
In St. Petersburg, the young man initially settled in the garage, where his father worked as a master at body work.
In 2013, Akbar moved to the network of shops “Sushi Wok” and worked in Vsevolozhsk near St. Petersburg, told the St. Petersburg media. The information that Jalilov was indeed an employee of the network, confirmed in “Vkontakte” Otabek Juraev, who has also worked in “Sushi Wok”.
“I last saw in 2014 — said a longtime friend of the deceased Zainidin. — He told me then that works in the cafe. I laughed: “You yourself always even make scrambled eggs could not! ..” But he said that taught him”.
In store sushi was better paid than in the garage. First Jalilov every month sent home 10-15 thousand rubles., then, when it became a sous-chef, is 15-20 thousand rubles., says the younger brother of the deceased, 17-year-old Ahror.
The riddle of radicalization
Mystery in the biography of our hero began 2015-2016. After moving to Russia every year Jalilov took a vacation and went to Osh, but in those years there was a break, told Ahror: “I asked him when he came in this February where he was. Akbar said that he had served in the Russian army”. But no evidence that the relatives don’t have neither army pictures, no part numbers, which allegedly served as a victim.
Jalilov left Osh in early March, about a month before the attack. This information was confirmed by a source in the Republican interior Ministry.
The City Of Osh
Photo: Vladimir Dergachev /
A secular guy from Osh became radicalized in 2015, I’m sure the source is from the Department of the TFR in St. Petersburg. According to him, 27 December 2015 at the Moscow office of the Main Department for combating extremism of the interior Ministry on Jalilova and six others received a statement on the fact of incitement to terrorism and threats. Jalilov and his friends promised to “kafirs” (infidels) on their pages in “Vkontakte”, that they “wash their blood”, said in a statement. Moscow police have forwarded the complaint at the place of residence Jalilova.
In social networks on behalf of Akbar Jalilov was conducted several pages, only in “Vkontakte” there were at least seven. The representative of the social network Yevgeny Krasnikov confirmed the authenticity of two of them. The threat of “infidels” allegedly came from one of the real pages, but now all the information on them is cleaned, and the last recordings made a few years ago. In photographs and lists of interests to one of the “unstripped” pages anything suspicious — girls, hookah, cars, humor, Boxing, moderate Islamic groups.
It is unlikely that radicalization Jalilova happened it was while working in St. Petersburg, said a source close to the local office of the FSB. In the city the suicide bomber “was not the circle”, he said, so the investigation examines the foreign relations of Jalilova.
In 2014 Jalilov began to show interest in Islam to grow a beard, imparted Reuters. For 2015 Jalilov went a few times from St. Petersburg to Turkey, ostensibly to uncle to Antalya, the Agency reported, citing former colleagues of the deceased. One such visit was in November of 2015. Uncle Jalilova Hassan Kuchkarov confirmed to the Agency that actually lived in Antalya, but left there in September 2015, and the going nephew knew nothing. In 2016 Jalilov also visited Istanbul, where he supposedly rested, said a source close to the investigation.
That Jalilov was in Turkey, reported the Turkish newspaper Yeni Akit, citing unnamed sources. According to the publication, deported About 17 Dec 2016. Exactly how much he spent in Turkey is unknown, but after he was blacklisted he was a year not been out of the country and there was illegal, indicated in the note. Do migrants who have not registered for long stay: they are offered a choice — to pay a fine or to fall into the black list to be deported. After a double bombing in Istanbul on 11 December was indeed expelled many illegal immigrants, but about the relationships Jalilova with the underground in the Yeni Akit article doesn’t say.
Tried to get Jalilov through Turkey to Syria, is also not exactly known. Reuters sources, who requested anonymity, recalled conversations between his fellow chefs about what About could go to Syria. The source in the Kyrgyz interior Ministry said that the police have no information about the suspect attempts to get there, but did not rule out the presence of such information is at the SCNS. The press Secretary of the secret service Rakhat Sulaimanov advised to ask questions in the TFR, because the victim was not a citizen of Kyrgyzstan.
Last trip
After daily questioning the younger brother of Akbar looks depressed and taciturn. Along with his parents he lives in the district He Adyr in the opposite end of town from Turan, where his uncles with their wives. In 2009 the house in the Adyr He completed the father and entered him with his wife, sons Akbarzada and Ahror, and daughter.
At the entrance to the house Jalilovich gently poured gravel that contrast with the potholes neighboring areas. Behind the tin fence blackens dug up a plot in the middle of it blooms a fruit tree. Akbarian helped his father to build a pool and put walls of the house, say relatives.
The last time he came to Osh in February 2017 and left in early March. “He was with us for 10-15 days. Wanted to relax, then get back to work. While he lived with us, anywhere especially did not leave. Played computer race, he was fond of machinery,” recalls Ahror. Trip brother looked farewell, or he would see all, between relatives in an old house in Turan didn’t even know about my nephew.
Ahror says that in the last visit Akbar did not go to the mosque, do not read namaz and he had not noticed any changes in his behavior. Any suspicious literature brother is not brought back, nothing unusual was discovered on a home computer. But About shared plans: in 2017 to finish the extension to her father’s house, to return from Russia and find a wife.
Hasty arrests
The explosion in the subway occurred on the day of April 3, on the stretch between the stations “Institute of Technology” and “Sennaya Ploschad”. After the attack, security forces found another, more powerful, bomb on the metro station “Ploshchad Rebellion”, the device was able to defuse. In RCDS told that the bag found in “Uprising Square”, were found genetic traces Jalilov, who two days before the explosion, on April 1, was 22 years old.
According to investigators, the alleged terrorist left an explosive device at the station and moved on with the second bomb.
Friday, April 10, on suspicion of involvement in the attack was arrested eight people. Basmanny court of Moscow sanctioned the arrest until June 3 employees of a suburban cafe sodica Ortikova and Shahista Karimova. When you search at their place of residence found a gun and ammunition, grenades and explosives. Nevsky district court of St.-Petersburg has arrested six more people — four natives of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan two — until June 2. They were detained in the apartment on Friendly Avenue.
None of the detainees pleaded not guilty, and familiarity with Jalilova only confirmed one of those arrested, Ibragimjon Ermatov. He reported that he worked as a cook in the cafe “Sushi Wok” Vsevolzhsk with Akvariumom in 2015. According to ermatova, Jalilov “was proud” and “communicate only with the administrators”. His relationship with the “Islamic state” (ISIL, a group banned in Russia) Irmatov denies and says that the attack was learned from the Internet.
Ibragimjon Ermatov
Photo: Anatoly Medved / RIA Novosti
After the meeting in St. Petersburg, which Vladimir Putin held in the evening of April 3 police received the command to find possible defendants in the case as quickly as possible, said the source familiar with the investigation. The head of state, according to the source, were extremely unhappy with the local security forces. For this reason, the next few days, investigators detained all over at the slightest suspicion of having links with Jalilova. For example, the alleged suicide bomber called the number later called the citizen of Tajikistan Ortikova and he was arrested.
Relatives do not believe
Ahror Jalilov correspondent confirmed that the photographs of the remains, which appeared in social networks after the explosion — it was his brother. I agree with this one close to the family Jalilovich the source .
Despite the fact that Ahror — minor, within a few days after the attack from morning to evening testifying to the staff of the national security Committee and the interior Ministry without being present at the interrogations of the relatives and lawyers. “They told me that Akbar had something to do with ISIS. But he had no reason to contact them. He didn’t want to hurt anyone, everyone loved him” — he said.
Family Jalilovich still doesn’t believe that About he decided to become a suicide bomber. His relatives believe that he tricked to take a bag and a backpack with a bomb and brought it into action remotely. “He loved to live, hang out and just couldn’t do it,” said Ahror . The version that the young man was used as a “living bomb”, quoted the source of “Interfax” in law enforcement bodies. Familiar with the progress of the investigation, the interviewee also confirmed that investigators are considering the version that Jalilov was set up. The bomber, according to a source, was supposed to be the other person Jalilov was going to pass the bomb
In any case, the relatives of the deceased hope that they will give body and allow you to bury him at home (according to Kyrgyz law the authorities have not given the bodies of terrorists to relatives).
About offered brother at the age of 18 to go to work in Petersburg from-for “good salaries”. Ahror despite everything that’s happened, still would like to have Russian citizenship and work in Russia, he told the reporter .
Underground Kyrgyzstan
Samidin Atabaev Kara — kazy of the Osh region, he oversees madrassas in the region. In front of his office hangs a sheet with a list of banned in Kyrgyzstan extremist organizations — from fundamentalists of “Hizb ut-Tahrir” to the Syrian branch of “al-Qaeda” “al-Nusra Dzhebhat” (all of these groups banned in Russia). Speaking to the press, the priest refuses, citing the need to obtain permission from the mufti in Bishkek. Local journalists say that the staff of the SCNS in the first hours after the news about participation Jalilova in the attack called all the authorities, including and spiritual management, with instructions not to give comments to the media.
To talk on the subject of recruitment of radicals ready theologian Kadyr Malikov, a member of the public expert Council under the President of Kyrgyzstan. He points to the transnational nature of the underground: through the Russian North Caucasus radicals have links with extremists in the North and West of Kazakhstan, and those affect the underground in Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian countries.
In recent years, underground Kyrgyzstan is dominated by two major terrorist group: ISIS in the North and dzhebhat an-Nusra in the South. Recruited by the natives of Central Asia upon his arrival to Syria to join various gomatam, formed along linguistic and ethnic lines. These formations have a relative autonomy under the wing of large groups of ISIL or jabhat an-Nusra.
“The first bells were after the war began in Syria in 2011. Since 2012, according to official data, the Kyrgyz Republic went to fight in Syria, 600 people, according to unofficial — to a thousand,” — said Malikov.
The analytical head of the Eurasian club Nikita Mendkovich, among the major terrorist groups in the country called “the Islamic movement of Uzbekistan” — the Islamist underground of this country is valid all over Central Asia. The expert also mentioned the group “Kataib Imam al-Bukhari” and “Jannat, asiklari”.
Osh once suffered a terrorist attack. 8 may 2003 in the office of the local Bank explosion. From wounds on the way to the hospital, one person died. In the following year on charges of involvement in the terrorist attack in the Bank and another explosion at a Bishkek market, “Oberon” was arrested militants of the Islamic movement of Uzbekistan, Asadullo Abdullaev and Ilhom Izatullaev. The military court of Kyrgyzstan sentenced them to death.
Every year in the area detained members of “sleeper cells” hiding, indicates Malikov. Their members work in the same way: before the open armed struggle they have to show themselves and to invest in the underground material. To do this, jihadists carried out several criminal operations, we are talking about extortion or robbing banks. Seizure of property “he was unorthodox” is considered a merit. Received trophies radicals is divided into three parts: one goes to the insurgents in Syria or brethren in prison, the other on the purchase of weapons, the third to maintain the current activities of the cell, and wives of the detainees.
Fighters such groups often recruited from prisons emerged in the Islamist Jamaat. From the formation of a sleeper cell to attack the organization it takes place in an average year, but when the situation escalates, as in Osh in 2010, everything happens much faster. On average, such a cell consists of up to 10 people, but there is also a single jihadists-“self-taught”. Jalilov could be a member of a “sleeper cell”, specified the source “Газеты.Ru” in law enforcement bodies.
The riots in Osh, Kyrgyzstan. 2010
Photo: D. Dalton Bennett / AP
Security forces try to keep control of the mosque and the spiritual administration of Kyrgyzstan. Under the hood are illegal prayer in private apartments. “Underground goes deeper,” says Malik.
Aims and methods of recruitment
Because security forces are constantly being identified radical cells in the country, recruiters aktiviziruyutsya in immigrant communities. These communities — the best breeding ground for recruitment. In exile, the young do not follow the elders, the mullahs, the sheiks, the potential victim of the propaganda of radicals divorced from the family. Modern recruitment methods take into account the subtle psychological nuances, and the transformation of the secular man in the bomber may take only a few months.
A typical victim of the recruitment comes from a poor family with no religious education. “It is not enough to know only some of the principles of Islam and sometimes to read the Koran to claim that you are religious — says the coordinator of the analytical Kyrgyz research Institute “Serep” Iskender Ormon. An important regularity of such activities. We have many religious schools, madrasas, and of these radicals do not go. Extremists just are those who do not know religion.”
Immigrants from Central Asia, especially those that now live in Russia, are in a very difficult situation, struggle to find jobs and housing, indicates Ormon. Because of this, they have accumulated aggression, their views day by day exacerbated, and these people recruit is very easy says the expert.
Economic crisis and social depression are the main factors for recruitment of citizens from Central Asia to Russia, confirmed in a presentation from 2017 public organization Search for Common Ground, which was read by the reporter . The author of the document conflictologist Ikboljon of Mirsaitov examines the scheme of recruitment of jihadists to Syria. The main way remains meeting “face to face” in big cities. Recruiters find your purpose in the hostels, the markets, in mosques, on construction sites. As a rule, they say that labour migrants are unfair in Russia, because he is a Muslim, he deserves a better life and should not be allowed to suffer co-religionists.
In the first stage, recruiters create videos with calls to native languages, trying to emotionally influence the audience. Further, it is noted in the document, the victim’s recruitment and starts to seek additional information and drawn into the process. At this stage, the person is closed off from the family, who were fallen into “jahiliya” (ignorance). Then recruit mentally trying on the image of combatants — it is then that he begins to fully trust the recruiter and give up all doubts. At the final stage, the victim is made the route to the combat zone.
